WILDLIFE

VOLES
Voles construct well-defined, visible tunnels, or "runways" at or near the surface, about two inches wide. Vole runways result from the voles eating the grass blades, as well as from the constant traffic of numerous little feet beating over the same path. And if any lawn and garden pest can literally "beat a path" through the grass due to their sheer numbers, it's the voles.

DEER RUBS
Deer love to rub their antlers on smaller landscape trees like aspens, cottonwoods and ash.

rodent/grub damage
Early indications of grub infestation are irregular patches of dry grass, flocking birds, or areas of turf being torn up by raccoons, possums and skunks looking for a tasty treat.

porcupine damage
Porcupines damage trees by chewing through the bark to eat the inner bark. They prefer conifer trees or softwooded trees like aspen, cottonwood or willows.
Porcupines are vegetarian mammals. Many people consider porcupines to be a nuisance because of the damage they cause to trees and wooden structures. In addition to plant material, porcupines crave salt and are attracted to objects that have salty human sweat on them, such as ax handles, boat oars, etc.
Porcupines are also very dangerous to dogs and horses. Dogs can actually die if they attack a porcupine by jumping on the critters back. The quills are known to penetrate the chest wall of a dog and have a lung punctured. Horses will bend down to sniff a porcupine and stand back up with quills in the nose and mouth.

cows eating
Can you blame them for eating on the green side of the fence ( Green Turf Lawn)?